Reference
Where these molecules were found
These desks found, tested, or standardised the twelve medicines on this ledger. History explains the hold.
Kitasato Institute
5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato City, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
Where Satoshi Omura's soil samples began the avermectin work behind ivermectin.
Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals
Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 217, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
The German laboratories behind ciprofloxacin and, later, vardenafil (Levitra).
Former Pfizer Research Laboratories
Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
The site where sildenafil's unexpected cardiovascular side effect was first taken seriously.
ICOS Corporation (historic)
22021 20th Avenue SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
The biotech that discovered tadalafil before partnering with Lilly to launch Cialis.
Parke-Davis / Warner-Lambert (historic)
2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
Where gabapentin was developed as Neurontin before the Pfizer era.
Schering Corporation (historic)
2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
The company that introduced prednisone, the synthetic corticosteroid sold as Deltasone.
F. Hoffmann-La Roche
Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
The Swiss company that developed isotretinoin, the retinoid marketed as Accutane.
Bristol-Myers Squibb (Glucophage)
430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
The company that brought metformin to the United States market as Glucophage.
Merck & Co. (finasteride)
2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
Where finasteride was developed for BPH and later marketed as Propecia for hair loss.
Eli Lilly and Company
893 Delaware Street, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
Developer of fluoxetine (Prozac), the SSRI that reshaped depression pharmacotherapy.
Beecham / GSK heritage (amoxicillin)
980 Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GS, UK
Laboratories that engineered amoxicillin as a better-absorbed penicillin — Amoxil.
World Health Organization
Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
Keeper of the Model List of Essential Medicines cited across these ledger entries.
Why the history sits on the ledger
A soil screen in Tokyo explains why ivermectin is a parasite tablet, not a viral one. An angina miss in Sandwich explains why sildenafil carries a nitrate hold. A medieval herb line explains why metformin is started low. Each formulary line points back at the desk that shaped it.